Embracing unnaturalness

Computer voices & trans sound studies

Abstract  

In this audio paper, I advance the concept of trans sound studies, a field that both theorizes and enacts how sonic practices can unsettle the presumed stability of voice, body, and gender. Drawing on trans studies, sound studies, and media archaeology, I situate the voice not as a transparent index of identity but as a mutable and more-than-human medium of experimentation. Through citations of historical speech synthesis, such as the Voder, CHANT and the DECtalk, as well as contemporary artistic practices by Danielle Brathwaite-Shirley and Luca Soudant, the work demonstrates how technologies of vocal modulation open onto new sonic possibilities for gender beyond naturalization or legibility. Central to the paper is my own voice, spectrally manipulated in real time, foregrounding the critical potential of vocal unnaturalness as a practice of destabilization. In dialogue with theories of the »acousmatic question« (Eidsheim), trans operations (cárdenas), and trans*formative sonic thinking (Soudant), I propose trans sound studies as both an analytic and a creative method. It argues for embracing the alien and inhuman capacities of synthesized and modulated voices, not as failures of authenticity, but as generative openings for rethinking identity through sound.

Bibliography

Cárdenas, m. (2022). »Poetics of Trans Ecologies«, JCMS: Journal of Cinema and Media Studies, 61(2), pp. 206-212.

Dudley, H., Riesz, R.R. and Watkins, S.S.A. (1939). »A Synthetic Speaker«. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 227(6), pp. 739-764.

Eidsheim, N.S. (2019). »Introduction – The Acousmatic Question: Who Is This?«. In The Race of Sound: Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music. Duke University Press, pp. 1-38.

Klatt, D. (1986). »History of text‐to‐speech conversion for English (Abstract)«. In The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, p. S24.

Rodet, X., Potard, Y. and Barriere, J.-B. (1984). »The CHANT Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General«. Computer Music Journal, 8(3), p. 15.

Soudant, L. (2021). »Trans*formative Thinking Through Sound: Artistic Research in Gender and Sound Beyond the Human«. Open Philosophy, 4(1), pp. 335–346.

Mediography 

Barrière, J.-B. (1983). Chreode I. Bourges, France: Mnémothèque Internationale des Sciences et Arts en Musique Électroacoustique.

Brathwaite-Shirley, D. (2020). Black Trans Archive [Interactive digital archive]. https://blacktransarchive.com (Accessed: 24 August 2025).

Keywords

Speech Synthesis
Critical Media Practices
Digital Signal Processing
Vocal identity
Research through Design

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