Valentina Goncharova. © Shukai / Quietus
essay

Gender, Canon, and Eastern European Women Pioneers of 20th-century Electronic Music

Feminist readings of 20th-century electronic music history cannot avoid questioning the notion of canon and canon-oriented historiographical practices. Shedding light on women composers from non-Western contexts can further come in handy in searching for ways to engage with the history of gender in music beyond mainstreaming and the rhetoric of exceptionalism.

Af
  • Marta Beszterda van Vliet
24. november 2024

Within recent decades, there has been a trend of researchers and music curators rediscovering and popularizing a growing number of electronic music pieces by 20th-century women composers. Often in these cases, the new (or not-so-new) women composers are presented as forgotten »pioneers« and »trailblazers« of electronic music. This includes Western European electronic music composers such as Éliane Radigue and, more recently, Else Marie Pade, as well as many other – mostly American and British – women featured in Lisa Rovner’s 2020 documentary Sisters with Transistors. Music researchers involved with this recuperative work claim legitimacy and recognition for these previously-forgotten women composers of electronic music by arguing that their work belongs – or, rather, should belong – to the canon of electronic music. That is, next to the first row of the »big male names« of European electronic and experimental music such as Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Boulez, and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

In response to framing women composers relative to a canon, feminist music critics – for whom the recognition for the musical output of women is a particularly urgent endeavour – have taken issue with valorizing women’s contributions to music in this way. In fact, critics have pointed out the various ways in which the very concept of »canon« is troublesome in the first place.